Control Lamp Using IR DIY Experiments Science Project Model STEM KIT (Assembled), 100% Tested

Abstract:

The Control Lamp using IR Sensor circuit is based on a readily available IR sensor, comparator IC LM393, and relay. The photodiode acts as the light intensity detector, while IC LM393 is used as a comparator. The IR beam continuously falls on the photodiode. When the IR beam is interrupted, no beam falls on the photodiode, causing the photodiode to stop conducting and the lamp to glow. When the IR beam is restored, the photodiode conducts, and the lamp stays off.

Application of the Circuit:

Most IR-based circuits in the market use IR sensors that increase costs and require complicated circuitry. This IR-based circuit, however, utilizes a readily available IR sensor, reducing costs and complexity. The Control Lamp using IR Sensor circuit detects interruption in the IR beam falling on the photodiode and automatically activates the lamp when the beam is absent. The lamp remains on continuously until the beam is restored.

Why This Circuit:

The IR sensor used as a beam detector allows easy detection of light interruption using a hand palm. The circuit operates over a 5V DC voltage, obtained via a DC supply cable.

Explained Working of the Circuit:

The basic idea is to turn ON the lamp in the absence of the IR beam. The photodiode converts light energy into electrical energy. The Control Lamp using IR Sensor circuit acts as an IR beam detector, while the photodiode works as a light sensor that activates the lamp. IC LM393, a dual differential comparator IC, is used. The photodiode output is connected to the comparator, which controls the relay. In normal conditions, the IR beam falls on the photodiode, and the lamp stays off. When the IR beam is interrupted, the lamp glows.

How to Build:

1. Study the manual, circuit diagram, PCB layout, and components.
2. Solder components in their respective positions on the PCB, following polarity guidelines.
3. Use sockets for ICs for easy troubleshooting.
4. Test the assembled kit with a 5V DC power source.
5. For testing, block the IR sensor to check if the LED glows.
6. Adjust the detection intensity using the R2 variable resistor.

ICs Used:

The LM393 IC is used as the comparator in this circuit, ensuring reliable performance.

Part List:

Semiconductors:

• U1 – LM393 (8-pin comparator IC)

Resistors (all ±5% carbon unless otherwise noted):

• R1 – 100 Ohm
• R2 – 10k Ohm (variable)
• R3 – 1k Ohm
• R4 – 1k Ohm
• R5 – 10k Ohm
• R6 – 10k Ohm

Capacitor:

• C1 – 1uF

Miscellaneous:

• D4: IR Sensor
• D3: Photodiode
• D1: Red LED
• D2: Green LED
• 5V USB Cable
• PCB

Key Applications:

Used in electronics projects, automation, robotics, and educational purposes. Optimized for reliable performance in India-specific environments and conditions.

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