When designing power supplies for electronic projects, an often-overlooked issue is input surge protection. An SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply) can easily be damaged by voltage spikes that occur when the power supply is switched on. These surges can harm sensitive components and disrupt your circuits. Fortunately, protecting your SMPS is easier than you think.

The Problem :

An input surge happens when there’s a sudden increase in voltage—like when the power grid fluctuates or when equipment is powered on. If not controlled, this can result in high current flowing into your SMPS, leading to damage or failure.

The Solution :

The solution is to add a surge protection circuit at the input of your SMPS. A simple way to do this is by using a metal-oxide varistor (MOV) or transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode. These components absorb the surge and protect your power supply from high voltage.

Practical Example :

Imagine you’re building a DIY project, like a battery charger or LED driver, and you power it up for the first time. Without surge protection, any fluctuation in the grid could fry your components. By placing a MOV or TVS diode between the input and ground, you create a barrier that absorbs excess voltage, ensuring that your project runs smoothly.

Sample Calculation :

Let’s say you are using a 230V AC input. The MOV should have a voltage rating slightly above the nominal voltage, e.g., 275V. This ensures it only activates during surges, protecting the circuit.

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For your next project, consider using high-quality MOVs and TVS diodes. Explore our selection of Made in India components at SmartXProKits:

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