The Problem :

Smart fans using IoT modules like ESP8266 or BLE controllers require a steady low-voltage power supply, typically 5V or 12V. But directly tapping into 230V AC mains is dangerous without proper voltage regulation. Using resistive drops or unregulated adapters can result in heat buildup, inefficiency, or even damage to sensitive components.

The Solution :

The best solution is a compact SMPS module or buck converter that steps down 230V AC to a safe DC voltage. Add a MOSFET to control the fan speed or to switch loads efficiently, with minimal heat loss. Bonus: Use a TVS diode for surge protection to keep things reliable long-term.

Practical Example :

Imagine retrofitting an old table fan with a NodeMCU to control it via Wi-Fi. You’ll need a power module that provides 5V at 500mA. An HLK-PM01 (or similar) can do this safely. Add an IRFZ44N MOSFET to switch the fan motor on/off from the NodeMCU’s GPIO.

Sample Calculation :

Power = Voltage × Current = 5V × 0.5A = 2.5W
Select a power module with 30–50% headroom, so go for a 3.5W or 5W rated converter.

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