Reverse Voltage Protection for 12V Systems – Simple & Safe!
🔧 The Problem :
In many 12V systems—like LED lighting, automotive circuits, or DIY power supplies—accidentally reversing the power supply can instantly damage components. This often happens during prototyping or field wiring. Without protection, reverse voltage can destroy sensitive ICs, regulators, or even entire boards.
✅ The Solution :
A reverse voltage protection circuit blocks or limits current flow when polarity is incorrect. The simplest solution is a diode in series with the supply line. But for higher efficiency, a P-channel MOSFET can be used, acting as an ideal diode with lower voltage drop and power loss.
🔍 Practical Example :
Imagine wiring a 12V LED strip for a project, and you accidentally reverse the power wires. Without protection, the strip may burn out. Adding a P-channel MOSFET (e.g., IRF9540) between the input and load protects the circuit—if voltage is reversed, the MOSFET stays off, blocking current.
📏 Sample Calculation :
For a 3A load and 0.7V diode drop:
Power loss = 0.7V × 3A = 2.1W
Using a MOSFET with 30mΩ Rds(on):
Power loss = (3A)² × 0.03Ω = 0.27W → much more efficient!
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