Medical devices need reliable protection from reverse polarity, which occurs when power supply connections are accidentally reversed. This mistake can damage sensitive electronics, making reverse protection essential for safe and effective operation.

The Problem :

When a device’s positive and negative terminals are swapped, current flows in the wrong direction, potentially damaging circuits. This is common in DIY projects or during prototyping, where mistakes in wiring happen.

The Solution :

A simple solution is to add a Schottky diode or MOSFET in series with the power supply. The diode blocks reverse current, protecting the circuit. Schottky diodes are preferred due to their low forward voltage drop, minimizing power loss.

Practical Example :

Consider a prototype ECG monitor. If connected incorrectly, the circuit may short-circuit, damaging sensitive ICs. Placing a 1N5819 Schottky diode in series with the positive supply ensures that if polarity is reversed, the diode blocks harmful current.

Sample Calculation :

For a 5V supply with 500mA current:

• Diode power loss = Forward voltage × Current

• Using a 1N5819 diode (0.45V drop):

P=0.45V×0.5A=0.225W

This ensures minimal heat dissipation while protecting the circuit.

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