💡 The Problem :

Smart fans are becoming popular in IoT and embedded systems for energy-efficient cooling. However, powering these fans directly from microcontrollers or low-voltage logic circuits (like 3.3V or 5V) can be tricky. Standard fans typically require 12V or more, and drawing high current directly can damage GPIO pins or cause system instability.

🛠️ The Solution :

Use a MOSFET-based switching circuit to safely control higher voltage fans using a low-voltage signal. A logic-level N-channel MOSFET (like IRLZ44N) allows your microcontroller to turn the fan on/off without overloading its I/O pins.

🔍 Practical Example :

Let’s say you’re using an ESP32 to control a 12V brushless fan. By using a MOSFET and a flyback diode (like 1N5819), you can safely switch the fan using a 3.3V signal. Add a pull-down resistor (10kΩ) at the gate to prevent floating issues.

🧮 Sample Calculation :

If the fan is rated 12V, 0.3A:

• Power Draw:
  $P=V\times I=12V\times 0.3A=3.6W$
  Use a MOSFET rated ≥ 30V, 5A to ensure safe margins.

🛒 Product Suggestion – Made in India :

Power your smart fan circuits with IRLZ44N MOSFET and 1N5819 diode, both available as Made in India components:

🔧 Buy IRLZ44N MOSFET

🔧 Get 1N5819 Diode

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