Automatic Water dispenser using IR Pair DIY Experiments Science Project Model STEM KIT (Assembled), 100% Tested

Abstract:

The Automatic Water Dispenser Using IR Pair circuit is based on readily available IR sensors, comparator IC LM393, and a relay. A photo diode serves as the light intensity detector, while the IC LM393 functions as the comparator. The IR beam continuously falls on the photo diode. When interrupted, the movement is detected, leading to the photo diode stopping conduction and activating the water pump. When the IR beam returns, the photo diode conducts again, and the water pump stays off.

Application of the Circuit:

Most IR-based circuits on the market use expensive or complicated sensors, but this IR-based circuit utilizes readily available IR sensors, reducing costs and complexity. The Automatic Water Dispenser Using IR Pair detects interruptions in the IR beam falling on the photo diode and automatically activates the pump. Water flows continuously, indicating the absence of the beam.

Why this particular circuit:

The IR sensor works as a beam detector. The desired beam interruption can be achieved by simply placing a hand palm over the sensor. The circuit operates over a 5V DC voltage, which can be supplied via a DC cable.

Explained Working of the Circuit:

The circuit operates by turning ON the water pump in the absence of an IR beam. The photo diode, a light-sensitive device, converts light energy into electric energy, activating the water pump. IC LM393 functions as a comparator, with the photo diode output connected to its input. A relay acts as a switch. In normal conditions, when the IR beam falls on the photo diode, the water pump stays off. In case of beam interruption, the pump turns ON, providing water.

How to Build:

1. Thoroughly read the provided manual and study the circuit diagrams.
2. Solder the components in their respective positions on the PCB.
3. Identify resistors and capacitors using color codes and numerical values.
4. Install IC sockets instead of directly soldering ICs for easier troubleshooting.
5. Follow the manual and solder components sequentially, ensuring correct polarity.

Testing the Kit:

After assembling and soldering components, connect a 5V DC power source. For testing, place your palm over the IR sensor. The water pump should turn ON. Adjust the R2 variable resistor to set the desired beam detection intensity.

ICs Used:

The LM393 is the only IC used – a dual differential comparator IC commonly used in automation projects.

Part List:

• Semiconductors
  • U1 – LM393 (8-pin)
• Resistors (Carbon, ±5% tolerance)
  • R1 – 100 Ohm
  • R2 – 10k Ohm (Variable)
  • R3 – 1k Ohm
  • R4 – 1k Ohm
  • R5 – 10k Ohm
  • R6 – 10k Ohm
• Capacitor
  • C1 – 1uF
• Miscellaneous
  • D4 – IR Sensor
  • D3 – Photo Diode
  • D1 – Red LED
  • D2 – Green LED
  • 5V USB Cable
  • PCB
  • Pump
  • Relay

Key Applications:

• Widely used in electronic circuit automation robotics, and educational projects.
• Ideal for Indian-specific environments
• ensuring reliability and performance.

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