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      SMPS Output Filtering Tips for Clean Power

      SMPS output filtering

      Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) are highly efficient, but they often produce unwanted noise or ripple at the output. This can interfere with sensitive components in your projects. The good news is that output filtering can reduce these disturbances and give you clean, stable power.

       


      🔧 The Problem :

       

      When an SMPS operates, it switches on and off rapidly, generating high-frequency noise. This noise can ripple into your output voltage, affecting the performance of circuits like audio amplifiers or microcontrollers.

       


      ✅ The Solution :

       

      To fix this, output filters are used to smooth the voltage and eliminate noise. A common approach is to use capacitors and inductors. Adding a low ESR (equivalent series resistance) capacitor at the output of the SMPS helps reduce high-frequency ripple. Additionally, placing an inductor between the capacitor and the load further smooths the power.

       


      🧪 Practical Example :

       

      Suppose your SMPS output has a ripple of 0.5V, and your device requires 5V. To filter the noise, add a 470µF capacitor in parallel with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor at the output. This helps reduce ripple by 90%.

       


      Sample Calculation :


      If your device consumes 2A, and the ripple current through the capacitor is 0.1A, the ripple voltage across a 470µF capacitor is:

      Ripple voltage (V) = I × ESR = 0.1A × 0.2Ω = 0.02V,reducing the ripple significantly.

       


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