⚠️ The Problem :

Smart doorbells often run on 5V or 12V DC, but many homes in India still use traditional 230V AC wiring or doorbell transformers. Directly connecting a low-voltage smart device to high-voltage lines can damage the circuit or reduce reliability.

🛠️ The Solution :

The solution is to design or use a compact SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply) that safely steps down 230V AC to your required DC voltage—typically 5V or 12V. Use protection diodes, fuses, and a filter capacitor to ensure clean, safe power delivery.

💡 Practical Example :

Suppose you’re installing a 5V ESP32-based video doorbell. Connecting it directly to the AC bell circuit risks burning out the board. Instead, use a 230V AC to 5V DC SMPS module and protect the input with a 1A fuse and MOV (metal oxide varistor) to absorb surges.

🔢 Sample Calculation :

For a 5V, 500mA doorbell:

Power = Voltage × Current = 5V × 0.5A = 2.5W

Choose a 5V 3W (or higher) SMPS for headroom.

🛒 Product Suggestions :

✅ MOSFET

✅ Flux

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