⚙️ The Problem: Untuned SMPS Output Can Cause Instability

Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) are widely used for efficient power delivery—but sometimes, their default output voltage isn’t a perfect fit for your project. An overvoltage can damage components, and undervoltage may cause malfunction. The good news? Most SMPS modules allow voltage tuning!

🔧 The Solution: Use Feedback Resistors for Fine-Tuning

SMPS circuits typically have a feedback loop using a voltage divider. By adjusting the resistor values, you can fine-tune the output voltage. Many modules also offer a trimpot (variable resistor) for easy tweaking without soldering.

🧰 Practical Example

Let’s say your 12V SMPS is powering a 5V microcontroller via an LDO regulator. If your SMPS can be tuned down to 9V, it will reduce heat dissipation on the regulator. That means better efficiency and longer life for your board.

📐 Sample Calculation

Using a standard feedback voltage of 1.25V:

Vout = 1.25 × (1 + R2/R1)

If R1 = 2.2kΩ and you want Vout = 9V:

9 = 1.25 × (1 + R2/2200) → R2 ≈ 13.6kΩ

Use a nearby standard resistor or a trimpot for adjustable control.

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