⚠️ The Problem :

Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) are efficient, but poor voltage regulation can be a serious issue—especially in projects involving microcontrollers, sensors, or other sensitive electronics. A slightly high or low output voltage can cause erratic performance or even damage components in precision circuits.

✅ The Solution :

To ensure precise voltage regulation, use a well-designed feedback loop. Most adjustable SMPS circuits use a voltage divider to set the output voltage. Use 1% tolerance resistors and low ESR capacitors for stable feedback and reduced ripple. Also, placing the feedback sensing point close to the load helps in real-world accuracy.

🧰 Practical Example :

Imagine you’re powering a 5V IoT module with an SMPS. If your SMPS is putting out 5.3V, the module may overheat or behave unpredictably. Replacing the feedback resistors with precise 1% tolerance values and a better capacitor solves the issue and keeps your module running smoothly.

🧮 Sample Calculation :

Let’s say you’re using an LM2596 adjustable SMPS:

Vout = 1.25 × (1 + R1/R2)

To achieve exactly 5V, you might use R1 = 10kΩ and R2 = 3.125kΩ.

So, 1.25 × (1 + 10/3.125) = 5V

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