Reverse Current Protection in Robotics
⚠️The Problem :
When working with robotics, reverse current is a common problem that can damage power supplies and control circuits. This happens when motors act like generators during sudden stops or changes in direction, pushing current back into the system.
🛠️ The Solution :
To prevent this, a reverse current protection circuit is essential. The simplest method is placing a Schottky diode or a P-channel MOSFET in series with the power input. These components allow normal current flow but block harmful reverse current.
🤖 Practical Example :
Say you’ve built a small line-following robot. When it brakes suddenly, the motor generates reverse voltage. Without protection, this backflow can fry your microcontroller. By adding a P-channel MOSFET with proper orientation, you isolate your control board from damage.
🧮 Sample Calculation :
Assume your robot uses 12V and pulls 1.5A.
To prevent losses, choose a Schottky diode with low forward voltage (e.g., 0.3V):
Power loss = 0.3V × 1.5A = 0.45W (acceptable for small robots).
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