Low Voltage Industrial Sensor Power Design: A Beginner’s Guide
Industrial sensors such as proximity sensors, temperature modules, and IR detectors often operate at low voltages (3.3V or 5V). However, if the power supply is unstable or noisy, these sensors may malfunction, leading to inaccurate readings or total failure. The Problem : Many hobbyists and engineers connect sensors directly to a microcontroller’s 3.3V …
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Reverse Polarity Protection for HVAC Controls
The Problem : Reverse polarity can damage HVAC control circuits if the positive and negative connections are swapped. This error can lead to burned-out components, system failure, or even safety hazards. Thankfully, preventing this is easy using diodes or MOSFETs to block reverse currents. The Solution : For basic protection, a Schottky …
Protecting MOSFET Gate-to-Source: Easy Guide for Prototypers
The Problem : MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors) are widely used for switching in power electronics. However, the gate-to-source (G-S) junction is highly sensitive to voltage spikes. If the gate voltage exceeds the MOSFET’s maximum threshold (typically 20V for most MOSFETs), it can damage the internal gate oxide, leading to permanent failure. The Solution …
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SMPS Low-Power Mode Optimization: Boost Efficiency and Save Power
The Probelm : Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) power many devices, but they often waste energy when running in low-power or standby mode. This happens because the control circuit keeps switching even when the load is minimal, leading to unnecessary power loss. The Solution : To fix this, you can optimize the …
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Optimizing Low-Power Mode in SMPS: A Simple Guide for Hobbyists
The Problem : Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) are efficient when powering devices but often consume unnecessary power in standby or low-power mode. This is a common issue in battery-powered systems where even a small current drain can reduce battery life. High standby current can also heat up components and shorten the lifespan of …
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Reverse Current Protection for Batteries: A Simple Guide
Reverse current is a common issue in battery-powered circuits where current flows back into the battery when the power source is disconnected or reversed. This can damage batteries, lead to overheating, or even cause a short circuit. Fortunately, you can prevent reverse current easily using a Schottky diode or a P-channel MOSFET in your circuit. …
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MOSFET Reverse Bias Safe Design: Protect Your Circuit
The Problem : MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) are essential for switching and control in electronic circuits. However, when exposed to reverse bias, where the voltage is applied in the opposite direction (drain to source for an N-channel MOSFET), it can cause overheating, excessive current, and permanent damage. This often happens when …
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Low Voltage Smart Doorbell Power: Identify and Fix the Issue
Low voltage is a common problem with smart doorbells, especially when using old transformers or low-powered adapters. When the doorbell doesn’t receive sufficient voltage (usually 12V to 24V AC), it may malfunction—resulting in delayed notifications, poor video quality, or complete failure. Identifying this issue early can prevent unnecessary troubleshooting. The Problem : Low …
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SMPS High-Voltage Isolation Design: A Beginner’s Guide
Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) are commonly used to convert AC to DC efficiently. However, high-voltage isolation is crucial to prevent electric shock and protect sensitive components. Improper isolation can lead to component failure or even damage to the entire circuit. The Problem : In an SMPS, the primary and secondary sides must …
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Reverse Protection in Medical Devices: Simple Fix for Safe Prototyping
Medical devices need reliable protection from reverse polarity, which occurs when power supply connections are accidentally reversed. This mistake can damage sensitive electronics, making reverse protection essential for safe and effective operation. The Problem : When a device’s positive and negative terminals are swapped, current flows in the wrong direction, potentially damaging circuits. …
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