SMPS Voltage Feedback Design: A Beginner’s Guide
The Problem : Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) are widely used in electronics projects, but maintaining stable output voltage can be tricky. The feedback loop is critical—it regulates voltage by comparing the output to a reference and adjusting accordingly. If not designed properly, it can lead to voltage fluctuations, inefficiency, or even circuit failure. …
Reverse Polarity Protection in 5G Modules: Safeguard Your Circuits
The Problem : Reverse polarity is a common issue when connecting power to 5G modules, especially during rapid prototyping or DIY projects. Accidentally swapping the positive and negative terminals can damage sensitive components, leading to costly repairs or replacements. Fortunately, adding a reverse polarity protection circuit is a simple and effective solution. The …
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Understanding MOSFET Thermal Impedance: A Beginner’s Guide
The Problem : When using MOSFETs in circuits that handle high power, heat dissipation becomes a critical concern. Thermal impedance determines how efficiently heat moves from the MOSFET’s junction (internal core) to the surrounding environment. If the thermal impedance is too high, the heat stays trapped, leading to overheating, reduced efficiency, and possible damage. …
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Low Voltage Smart Plug Power Reference: A Guide for Hobbyists
The Problem: Low voltage in smart plugs can lead to frequent disconnections, malfunctioning devices, or damage to sensitive electronics. This is a common issue in India due to frequent voltage drops, which affect devices like Wi-Fi routers, smart home appliances, and chargers. The Solution : To fix this, you can use a …
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Protect Your SMPS: Easy Input Surge Suppression Guide
The Problem : Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) are essential for converting AC to DC efficiently in electronic circuits. However, they are vulnerable to input voltage surges, which can damage sensitive components. A sudden power spike, caused by lightning or faulty wiring, can exceed the voltage tolerance of the SMPS, leading to failure. …
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Reverse Protection for Automotive ECUs: A Simple Fix for Beginners
The Problem : Automotive Electronic Control Units (ECUs) manage essential vehicle functions. However, accidental reverse polarity during connection can damage these sensitive circuits. Reverse polarity occurs when the positive and negative terminals are swapped, leading to burnt components or permanent failure. The Solution : A simple and effective solution is using a …
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MOSFET High-Efficiency PWM Design for Beginners
The Problem : When designing a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) circuit, choosing the right MOSFET ensures high efficiency and minimal heat loss. A common problem arises when using a MOSFET with a high gate threshold voltage. If the gate is not fully driven, it operates in the ohmic region, leading to heat buildup and …
Low Voltage BLE Beacon Power Supply
Low voltage BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) beacons are widely used in IoT projects, smart homes, and proximity-based applications. However, ensuring a stable power supply is crucial, especially when using coin cell batteries or low-power sources. A fluctuating or weak power supply can shorten the beacon’s range and affect its reliability. The Problem : BLE …
SMPS Burst Mode Design Guide for Prototypers and Engineers
The Problem : Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) often operate in burst mode to improve efficiency at low loads. However, burst mode can cause unwanted noise and instability if not managed properly. This occurs when the controller reduces the switching frequency to conserve energy, but excessive bursts can create ripple and EMI issues. …
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Reverse Voltage Protection with PMOS for DIY Projects
The Problem : Accidentally connecting power supply wires in reverse can damage sensitive electronics. This common mistake can ruin circuits, especially for hobbyists and engineers prototyping new designs. Reverse voltage protection prevents this by blocking current flow in the wrong direction. One effective solution is using a PMOS MOSFET as a high-side switch. …
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